Compensation for equiluminant color motion during smooth pursuit eye movement.

Motion perception is compromised at equiluminance. Because previous investigations have been primarily carried out under fixation conditions, it remains unknown whether and how equiluminant color motion comes into play in the velocity compensation for retinal image motion due to smooth pursuit eye movement. We measured the retinal image velocity required to reach subjective stationarity for a horizontally drifting sinusoidal grating in the presence of horizontal smooth pursuit. The grating was defined by luminance or chromatic modulation. When the subjective stationarity of the color motion was shifted toward environmental stationarity, compared with the subjective stationarity of luminance motion, that of color motion was farther from retinal stationarity, indicating that a slowing of color motion occurred before this factor contributed to the process by which retinal motion was integrated with a biological estimate of eye velocity during pursuit. The gain in the estimate of eye velocity per se was unchanged irrespective of whether the stimulus was defined by luminance or by color. Indeed, the subjective reduction in the speed of color motion during fixation was accounted for by the same amount of deterioration in speed. From these results, we conclude that the motion deterioration at equiluminance takes place prior to the velocity comparison.